Introduction Windows Interview Questions and Answers
Then we have provided a complete set of interview questions and answers on our site page to clear the interview in the first attempt. We have also provided the various job roles in the DHCP on our site page. To be precise DHCP means Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a network management protocol used on TCP/IP networks.
A window is a viewing place on a screen in a computer system which allows multiple viewing as a part of GUI (Graphical User Interface).
Basically, a window is a series of OS (Operating Systems) developed, marketed, and sold by IT giant company Microsoft. It releases many versions eventually; each release of Windows version must include an improved support of graphical user interface that allows correspondent users to view files and folders in windows easily.
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An IT giant Microsoft introduced operating environment known as Windows on 20th November in the year 1985, as a graphical operating system shell for MS-DOS since, by observing growing lot of interest in graphical user interfaces (GUIs).
The first version of Windows released in 1985, which was a just simple graphical user interface provided an extension of Microsoft’s existing disk OS (operating system) or MS-DOS. Before Windows introduction to the market, computer systems were using a series of text commands which used for operations.
Windows is growing and most used operating systems for personal computer systems from the past two decades. The beauty of Microsoft Windows is that it is designed for both personal and professional purposes, which makes more convenient for users.
Below are some of the windows’ key benefits and features:
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- It controls memory allocation, data storage in a computer system.
- It controls hardware’s incorporated into the computer system such as scanners and printers, etc.
- Windows control computer access to users for computer’s security.
An important feature is that it allows multitasking for the user to do several tasks on the computer at once
Preparing for a job interview in Windows. I am sure you want to know the most common Windows Interview Questions and answers that will help you crack the Windows Interview with ease. Below is the list of top Windows Interview Questions and answers at your rescue which is divided into two parts are as follows:
Part 1 – Windows Interview Questions (Basic)
This first part covers basic Windows Interview Questions and answers
1. Explain the main purpose of an operating system?
Answer:
Operating systems built mainly for two purposes:
Operating systems built mainly for two purposes:
- OS is designed to make sure a computer system performs well by managing all its activities.
- Operating systems provide an environment for the development of code and execution of programs as well.
2. What Is the Purpose of Microsoft Windows?
Answer:
- Microsoft Windows is one of the big giants in the market, which provides services as a core of most of desktop and laptop computer systems, with more than 90 percent of running version of windows operating system.
- Windows provides a platform for all programs to run on it. Microsoft has started and ruled the market over the last three decades, it always adds more features to improvise user interfaces for easier to use.
3. What are the functions of an operating system?
Answer:
Microsoft Windows is a computer operating system in which the programming code is not available to the public.
Operating System (OS) is one of the core software code/programs that run on the computer hardware which makes and helps a user to interact with hardware, and then it can send commands (input) and receive results with respect to inputs provided as output. Its function is to provide a consistent environment for all the software to execute
their commands.
Microsoft Windows is a computer operating system in which the programming code is not available to the public.
Operating System (OS) is one of the core software code/programs that run on the computer hardware which makes and helps a user to interact with hardware, and then it can send commands (input) and receive results with respect to inputs provided as output. Its function is to provide a consistent environment for all the software to execute
their commands.
Let us move to the next Windows Interview Questions.
4. What is Windows Server?
Answer:
Window server is defined as a series of server operating system and it is developed by Microsoft Corporation. This is the common Windows Interview Questions asked in a windows Interview.
Window server is defined as a series of server operating system and it is developed by Microsoft Corporation. This is the common Windows Interview Questions asked in a windows Interview.
5. Explain In windows DNS server what is Primary, Secondary and Stub zone?
Answer:
DNS (Domain Name System) Server is a system which makes the process of name resolution in DNS. DNS Servers consists of files known as zone files, it makes and enables them to resolve names to IP addresses and vice versa.
DNS (Domain Name System) Server is a system which makes the process of name resolution in DNS. DNS Servers consists of files known as zone files, it makes and enables them to resolve names to IP addresses and vice versa.
- Primary Zone: In this area, a file will be saved as a normal text file with extension as “.dns”
- Secondary Zone: In this zone, it keeps and maintains a read-only copy data of zone database in another supported DNS server. And also, it provides a backup server to the primary server by supporting fault tolerance and load balancing.
- Stub Zone: This Stub zone consists of a copy of all name servers and SOA records which are used to reduce the DNS search orders.
Part 2 – Windows Interview Questions (Advanced)
Let us now have a look at the advanced Windows Interview Questions.
6. Explain what is the difference between a thread and a computer process?
Answer: There is a lot of difference between a thread and a computer process and some of them are as listed below:
Computer Process: Computer process is an instance of computer programs which will be executed sequentially (as one by one) by a computer system which helps to run several programs in parallel.
Thread: A thread is set of several executable programs that work together as a single process. For instance, one thread will send an error message to the user; another will handle error signals while the third thread might be executing the original action of a program.
7. Explain what is the purpose of deploying local DNS servers?
Answer:
This is the most popular Windows Interview Questions asked in an interview. A local DNS server provides the fully qualified domain names & local mapping to IP respective addresses. And also to resolve remote requests related to the domains names on a computer network, local DNS servers can provide record information to remote DNS servers.
This is the most popular Windows Interview Questions asked in an interview. A local DNS server provides the fully qualified domain names & local mapping to IP respective addresses. And also to resolve remote requests related to the domains names on a computer network, local DNS servers can provide record information to remote DNS servers.
8. To check TCP/IP configurations and IP connectivity, what are the two command line utilities that can be used?
Answer:
Ipconfig: ipconfig is the command to check the computer’s IP configuration also it can be used to renew the client’s IP address (only if it is provided by a DHCP server).
Ping: Ping command is used to check the connection between the local computer and any of the other computer devices on the network.
Ipconfig: ipconfig is the command to check the computer’s IP configuration also it can be used to renew the client’s IP address (only if it is provided by a DHCP server).
Ping: Ping command is used to check the connection between the local computer and any of the other computer devices on the network.
Let us move to the next Windows Interview Questions.
9. Explain what is the major difference between NTFS ( New Technology File System) or FAT (File Allocation Table) on a local server?
Answer:
FAT (File Allocation Table) and FAT32 provides security to local users of the computer system, meanwhile NTFS ( New Technology File System) provides security for domain users as well as local users. NTFS also provides file-level security which is not possible through FAT32.
FAT (File Allocation Table) and FAT32 provides security to local users of the computer system, meanwhile NTFS ( New Technology File System) provides security for domain users as well as local users. NTFS also provides file-level security which is not possible through FAT32.
10. What is Active Directory?
Answer:
Active Directory (AD) is a directory, it is developed by Microsoft which is used to store the objects (ex: User information, Computer, printer, Network information), Active directory also provide to manage computer network effectively with multiple Domain Controllers in different location with Active directory databases which are able to manage/change AD from any Domain Controllers and those will be replicated to all other DC’s, centralized Administration with multiple geographical location and authenticates users and computers in a Windows domain.
Active Directory (AD) is a directory, it is developed by Microsoft which is used to store the objects (ex: User information, Computer, printer, Network information), Active directory also provide to manage computer network effectively with multiple Domain Controllers in different location with Active directory databases which are able to manage/change AD from any Domain Controllers and those will be replicated to all other DC’s, centralized Administration with multiple geographical location and authenticates users and computers in a Windows domain.
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This has been a guide to List Of Windows Interview Questions and Answers so that the candidate can crackdown these Windows Interview Questions easily. Here in this post, we have studied about top Windows Interview Questions which are often asked in interviews. You may also look at the following articles to learn more –
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>What is dhcp ?
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a network protocol that enables aserver to automatically assign an IP address to a computer from a defined rangeof numbers (i.e., a scope) configured for a given network.
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a network protocol that enables aserver to automatically assign an IP address to a computer from a defined rangeof numbers (i.e., a scope) configured for a given network.
>What is the dhcp process for client machine?
1. A user turns on a computer with a DHCP client.
2. The client computer sends a broadcast request (called a DISCOVERor DHCPDISCOVER), looking for a DHCP server to answer.
3. The router directs the DISCOVER packet to the correct DHCPserver.
4. The server receives the DISCOVER packet. Based on availabilityand usage policies set on the server, the server determines an appropriateaddress (if any) to give to the client. The server then temporarily reservesthat address for the client and sends back to the client an OFFER (orDHCPOFFER) packet, with that address information. The server also configuresthe client's DNS servers, WINS servers, NTP servers, and sometimes other servicesas well.
5. The client sends a REQUEST (or DHCPREQUEST) packet, letting theserver know that it intends to use the address.
6. The server sends an ACK (or DHCPACK) packet, confirming that theclient has a been given a lease on the address for a server-specified period oftime.
1. A user turns on a computer with a DHCP client.
2. The client computer sends a broadcast request (called a DISCOVERor DHCPDISCOVER), looking for a DHCP server to answer.
3. The router directs the DISCOVER packet to the correct DHCPserver.
4. The server receives the DISCOVER packet. Based on availabilityand usage policies set on the server, the server determines an appropriateaddress (if any) to give to the client. The server then temporarily reservesthat address for the client and sends back to the client an OFFER (orDHCPOFFER) packet, with that address information. The server also configuresthe client's DNS servers, WINS servers, NTP servers, and sometimes other servicesas well.
5. The client sends a REQUEST (or DHCPREQUEST) packet, letting theserver know that it intends to use the address.
6. The server sends an ACK (or DHCPACK) packet, confirming that theclient has a been given a lease on the address for a server-specified period oftime.
>What is dhcp scope ?
DHCP scopes are used to define ranges of addresses from which a DHCP server canassign IP addresses to clients.
DHCP scopes are used to define ranges of addresses from which a DHCP server canassign IP addresses to clients.
>Types of scopes in windows dhcp ?
Normal Scope - Allows A, B and C Class IP address ranges to be specifiedincluding subnet masks, exclusions and reservations. Each normal scope definedmust exist within its own subnet.
Normal Scope - Allows A, B and C Class IP address ranges to be specifiedincluding subnet masks, exclusions and reservations. Each normal scope definedmust exist within its own subnet.
Multicast Scope - Used to assign IP address ranges forClass D networks. Multicast scopes do not have subnet masks, reservation or otherTCP/IP options.
Multicast scope address ranges require that a Time ToLive (TTL) value be specified (essentially the number of routers a packet canpass through on the way to its destination).
Superscope - Essentially a collection of scopes grouped togethersuch that they can be enabled and disabled as a single entity.
>What is Authorizing DHCP Servers in Active Directory?
If a DHCP server is to operate within an Active Directory domain (and is notrunning on a domain controller) it must first be authorized.
This can be achieved either as part of the DHCP Server role installation, orsubsequently using either DHCP console or at the command prompt using the netshtool.
If the DHCP server was not authorized during installation, invoke the DHCPconsole (Start -> All Programs -> Administrative Tools -> DHCP),
right click on the DHCP to be authorized and select Authorize. To achieve thesame result from the command prompt, enter the following command:
netsh dhcp server serverID initiate auth
In the above command syntax, serverID is replaced by the IP address or full UNCname of system on which the DHCP server is installed.
If a DHCP server is to operate within an Active Directory domain (and is notrunning on a domain controller) it must first be authorized.
This can be achieved either as part of the DHCP Server role installation, orsubsequently using either DHCP console or at the command prompt using the netshtool.
If the DHCP server was not authorized during installation, invoke the DHCPconsole (Start -> All Programs -> Administrative Tools -> DHCP),
right click on the DHCP to be authorized and select Authorize. To achieve thesame result from the command prompt, enter the following command:
netsh dhcp server serverID initiate auth
In the above command syntax, serverID is replaced by the IP address or full UNCname of system on which the DHCP server is installed.
>What ports are used byDHCP and the DHCP clients ?
Requests are on UDP port 68, Server replies on UDP 67 .
Requests are on UDP port 68, Server replies on UDP 67 .
>Benefits of usingDHCP
DHCP provides the following benefits for administering your TCP/IP-basednetwork:
Safe and reliable configuration.DHCP avoids configuration errors caused by theneed to manually type in values at each computer. Also, DHCP helps preventaddress conflicts caused by a previously assigned IP address being reused toconfigure a new computer on the network.
Reduces configuration management.
DHCP provides the following benefits for administering your TCP/IP-basednetwork:
Safe and reliable configuration.DHCP avoids configuration errors caused by theneed to manually type in values at each computer. Also, DHCP helps preventaddress conflicts caused by a previously assigned IP address being reused toconfigure a new computer on the network.
Reduces configuration management.
Using DHCP servers cangreatly decrease time spent to configuring and reconfiguring computers on yournetwork. Servers can be configured to supply a full range of additionalconfiguration values when assigning address leases. These values are assignedusing DHCP options. Also, the DHCP lease renewal process helps assure thatwhere client configurations need to be updated often (such as users with mobileor portable computers who change locations frequently), these changes can bemade efficiently and automatically by clients communicating directly with DHCPservers.
The following section coversissues that affect the use of the DHCP Server service with other services ornetwork configurations. Using DNS servers with DHCP Using Routing and RemoteAccess servers with DHCP Multihomed DHCP servers.
>Describe the process ofinstalling a DHCP server in an AD infrastructure ?
Open Windows Components Wizard. Under Components , scroll to and clickNetworking Services. Click Details . Under Subcomponents of Networking Services, click Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) and then click OK .
Open Windows Components Wizard. Under Components , scroll to and clickNetworking Services. Click Details . Under Subcomponents of Networking Services, click Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) and then click OK .
Click Next . If prompted, type the fullpath to the Windows Server 2003 distribution files, and then click Next.Required files are copied to your hard disk.
>How to authorize aDHCP server in Active Directory Open DHCP ?.
In the console tree, click DHCP
. On the Action menu, click Manage authorized servers.
. The Manage Authorized Servers dialog box appears. ClickAuthorize.
. When prompted, type the name or IP address of the DHCPserver to be authorized, and then click OK.
In the console tree, click DHCP
. On the Action menu, click Manage authorized servers.
. The Manage Authorized Servers dialog box appears. ClickAuthorize.
. When prompted, type the name or IP address of the DHCPserver to be authorized, and then click OK.
>What is DHCPINFORM?
DHCPInform is a DHCP message used by DHCP clients to obtain DHCP options. WhilePPP remote access clients do not use DHCP to obtain IP addresses for the remoteaccess connection, Windows 2000 and Windows 98 remote access clients use theDHCPInform message to obtain DNS server IP addresses, WINS server IP addresses,and a DNS domain name.
DHCPInform is a DHCP message used by DHCP clients to obtain DHCP options. WhilePPP remote access clients do not use DHCP to obtain IP addresses for the remoteaccess connection, Windows 2000 and Windows 98 remote access clients use theDHCPInform message to obtain DNS server IP addresses, WINS server IP addresses,and a DNS domain name.
The DHCPInform message issent after the IPCP negotiation is concluded. The DHCPInform message receivedby the remote access server is then forwarded to a DHCP server. The remoteaccess server forwards DHCPInform messages only if it has been configured withthe DHCP Relay Agent.
>Describe the integration between DHCP and DNS?
Traditionally, DNS and DHCP servers have been configured and managed one at atime. Similarly, changing authorization rights for a particular user on a groupof devices has meant visiting each one and making configuration changes.
Traditionally, DNS and DHCP servers have been configured and managed one at atime. Similarly, changing authorization rights for a particular user on a groupof devices has meant visiting each one and making configuration changes.
DHCP integration with DNS allows the aggregation of thesetasks across devices, enabling a company's network services to scale in stepwith the growth of network users, devices, and policies, while reducingadministrative operations and costs. This integration provides practicaloperational efficiencies that lower total cost of ownership.
Creating a DHCPnetwork automatically creates an associated DNS zone, for example, reducing thenumber of tasks required of network administrators. And integration of DNS andDHCP in the same database instance provides unmatched consistency betweenservice and management views of IP address-centric network services data.
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